According to Adam Smith, vanity is a vice that contains a promise: a vain person is much more likely than a person with low self-esteem to accomplish great things. Problematic as it may be from a moral perspective, vanity makes a person more likely to succeed in business, politics and other public pursuits. âThe great secret of education,â Smith writes, âis to direct vanity to proper objects:â this peculiar vice can serve as a stepping-stone to virtue. How can this transformation be accomplished and what might go wrong along the way? What exactly is vanity and how does it factor into our personal and professional lives, for better and for worse? This book brings Smithâs Theory of Moral Sentiments into conversation with William Makepeace Thackerayâs Vanity Fair to offer an analysis of vanity and the objects (proper and otherwise) to which it may be directed. Leading the way through the literary case study presented here is Becky Sharp, theambitious and cunning protagonist of Thackerayâs novel. Becky is joined by a number of other 19th Century literary heroines â drawn from the novels of Jane Austen, Charlotte Brontë and George Eliot â whose feminine (and feminist) perspectives complement Smithâs astute observations and complicate his account of vanity. The fictional characters featured in this volume enrich and deepen our understanding of Smithâs work and disclose parts of our own experience in a fresh way, revealing the dark and at times ridiculous aspects of life in Vanity Fair, today as in the past.