This book documents American modernismâs efforts to disenchant adult and child readers alike of the essentialist view of childhood as redemptive, originary, and universal. For James, Barnes, Du Bois, and Stein, the twentieth centuryâs move to position the child at the center of the self and society raised concerns about the shrinking value of maturity and prompted a critical response that imagined childhood and childrenâs narratives in ways virtually antagonistic to both. In this original study, Mason Phillips argues that American modernismâs widespread critique of childhood led to some of the periodâs most meaningful and most misunderstood experiments with interiority, narration, and childrenâs literature.